Sea Water Based Fracturing Fluid

1. System Characterizations

This system is based on salt tolerating emulsion thickener. This thickener can swell rapidly in sea water (less than 1 minute). It is developed as a gel fracturing fluid which is crosslinked in sea water with organic metal crosslinkers to satisfy the requirement of offshore treatment.

2. Property Indices

Items	Product Indices
Base fluid apparent viscosity, mPa.s	20~75
Swelling time, s	＜60
Crosslinking time, s	60~300
Temperature tolerance，℃	≤200
Gel apparent viscosity, mPa.s	≥50
Matrix permeability damage ratio, %	≤30
Viscosity of broken gel, mPa.s	≤5.0
Surface tension, mN/m	≤28.0
Interface tension, mN/m	≤2.0
Residual content, mg/L	≤100
Friction reduction ratio, %	≥50
Compatibility	No precipitate; no flocculation

3. Application for Treatment

Extract sea water and pump thickener, PH controller, cleanup additive, emulsion breaker in order though the pipeline to form the fracturing base fluid for pumping into the blending unit, and then add organic metal crosslinker to make fracturing gel. After that mix the fluid system with proppant in the blending unit according to pumping schedule and deliver the oxidative gel breaker for fracturing treatment.